Book Reveiws
Last Things Revealed
Dr. Jim Dixon
Dr. Jim Dixon does an excellent job of achieving his objectives in Last Things Revealed. Dixon was encouraged by his church to publish a follow up to the sermon series he presented regarding eschatology (the study of the end times). Dixon admits that eschatology is one of the most written and argued about subjects in Christian studies.
Dixon’s main objective is to provide “an antidote to anxiety.” He states that some people either spend too much time studying eschatology or ignore the issue all together. Dixon presents a better way. He wants to provide the information – and conclusions where possible – to help people deal with rational fear and to dispel irrational fear. Dixon states that, “the focus should be on preparing our minds and hearts for this eventuality rather than fighting over the specific game plan God will use to get it all done” (p. 104).
Dixon addresses key issues in eschatology like the Tribulation, the Antichrist, the Rapture, Hell, the Millennium, and a new heaven and a new earth. Dixon admittedly provides a quick overview of the important aspects and the theories of eschatology.
Dixon presents the different views, answers what he can, and due to lack of clarity on some issues from scripture supposes what he must. For instance, regarding the millennium, Dixon thinks that, “the arguments in favor of the pre-millennial view are fairly strong” (p. 138). However, with the tribulation, he states that, “I couldn’t really determine which one best fits the biblical material” (p. 138).
The most significant contribution from Dixon’s work is the way he continually reminds his audience that regardless of their personal conclusions on the issues, it is more important for Christians to stay united in spite of their different opinions. Christians need to realize that the Father is in control and they are his followers who should submit to his plans.
The only issue that needs to be addressed regarding Dixon’s work stems from the typical criticism that often arises between pastors and scholars. It needs to be said that all pastors are also scholars and many scholars are also pastors. But all lean more towards one direction than the other. Dixon, being a lead pastor, is obviously more concerned about his flock and their well-being. That is understanding and laudable. But it definitely comes into play as he interprets and applies certain scriptures to his conclusions. Dixon seems to read scripture through a more twentieth century lens than the lens of the original audience. For instance, Dixon expects the Jews to play an important role in the end times of God. I believe that is a too literal reading of scripture. After Christ and throughout the New Testament scriptures, Jesus’ followers are the new Israel. This is especially clear in Revelation. Reading Revelation too literally is a common mistake and Dixon does acknowledge its symbolism.
Anyone who has any anxiety regarding God’s plan for the end times would benefit from reading this book. Also, anyone who studies eschatology should add Dixon’s work to their library. There may not be any new information gleaned, but Dixon’s reminder to “keep the main thing the main thing” is worth this short read. All and all, I greatly appreciate and highly recommend Dixon’s Last Things Revealed.
The Lost World of Adam and Eve
John H. Walton
In The Lost World of Adam & Eve, John H. Walton attempts to place the understanding of Genesis 2-3 into proper focus. Walton presents the argument that Christians have been reading Genesis 2-3 through a modern lens instead of the more appropriate lens of the Ancient Near East (ANE). Walton goes to great lengths to reframe the creation of humankind through a comparison of ANE understanding. Walton states that, “when we read Genesis, we are reading an ancient document and should begin by using only the assumptions that would be appropriate for the ancient world” (p. 16).
Walton builds on his thesis in The Lost World of Genesis One that in the ancient world and the Old Testament establishing order by assigning roles and functions was the prime focus. Walton states that, “We need to penetrate the ancient text and the ancient world to understand their insider communication and their cognitive environment” (p. 25). Walton makes the case that “Eve” would not have called her husband “Adam”, nor would “Adam” have called his wife “Eve.” It would be like us calling each other “Human” and “Life.” Walton states that, “They represent something beyond themselves” (p. 59). Walton, while admitting it is not a requirement, believes that “Adam” and “Eve” were two real and specific people in history.
Walton also makes the case for humans being created mortal. This seems to be backed up by many other scriptures. In addition, Walton points to the tree of life as proof of humanities mortality. Walton goes on to explain that humans were created to take care of God’s creation – as priests in God’s temple with Eden being the holy of holies.
Walton then takes his reader through each day of the creation account and shows how the text was not concerned with the creation of the material elements of each day. This is true of Genesis 2-3. As modern readers it is crucial to understand Genesis 2-3 is concerned with the function of humankind and not their material origins.
Walton’s point is that Genesis 2-3 was never meant to be a scientific account of material origins, but a theological account of the function of creation. Walton’s work entitled The Lost World of Adam and Eve is a must read for all Christians. It will stretch and help the reader examine their preconceived notions of perhaps everything they have been taught. One does not need to agree with Walton, but it is helpful for each of us to be challenged.
Spirit-Led Preaching
Greg Heisler
In Spirit-Led Preaching: The Holy Spirit’s Role in Sermon Preparation and Delivery, Greg Heisler presents a timely argument for Christian preachers to make sure that the Holy Spirit is alive and active in their preaching. Heisler presents the argument that in mainstream evangelical churches many preachers are being tempted to scratch the itching ears of their audience. Heisler argues that preaching will become more powerful and effective when preachers stop worrying about the reaction of their congregants and start focusing on being a vessel for God’s Spirit.
Using Jesus, the prophets, and Paul as examples, Heisler defines Spirit-led preaching. He debunks the myths that can be prevalent in churches that are trying to flatter the culture of the day. Heisler states that “Theology is out, storytellers are in, and as a result we are seeing an entire generation of preachers who are more driven to be entertaining and effective communicators than to be Spirit empowered preachers” (p. 8-9). Heisler adds that “A preacher cannot be pulled in a thousand different directions week in and week out and expect the power of the Spirit to show up in his sermons each week” (p. 83).
Heisler argues that preachers need to get back in step with the Holy Spirit. Preachers need to make sure every aspect of their sermon is saturated with the Holy Spirit. Preachers need to seek the Holy Spirit’s direction in their personal life, in the selection of the passage, in study, in the delivery and in the reception of their sermon. Heisler asserts, “Preach the Bible with clarity, authenticity, conviction, and power, and you will see lives transformed into the image of Christ” (p. 72)
In the second half of Spirit-Led Preaching, Heisler provides direction for the preacher who would like to become more Spirit-led in the pulpit. Heisler even provides instructions for shepherds who want to lead their flock to be prepared to receive the preacher’s sermon. Finally, Heisler touches on the subject of Spirit anointing. While he shares his view, he also presents differing opinions. He also admits he is only scratching the surface of the Spirit’s anointing in this book.
There is no doubt after reading Heisler that he knows what he is talking about. It is clear that he is up to date on the challenge our current culture places upon the shoulders of our preachers. He has an appropriate understanding of the power of proclamation in God’s kingdom. He knows what is at stake and he sees how the enemy is waging war on the church. He takes a definitive stand on what preaching should look like, perhaps swinging the pendulum a bit too far. Preachers do need to concern themselves with meeting people where they are at.
My experience is that as preachers we do need to evaluate whether or not we are guided by the Holy Spirit week in and week out. Heisler provides a roadmap for preachers to look in the mirror and measure themselves. Spirit-Led Preaching is a must read for all preachers. Heisler will help evaluate the areas in the life of the preacher that need to be adjusted.
Apostle
Tom Bissell
In his book entitled Apostle – Travels Among the Tombs of the Twelve, Tom Bissell recounts his travels as he searches out the supposed tombs of Jesus and his disciples. Bissell goes into great detail about each stop he makes and the sight, sounds, smells, and people he experiences along the way. Bissell does a wonderful job of putting you alongside himself and the friends he meets along the way.
It is obvious that Bissell has done his homework surrounding each site and the complex history and folklore that surrounds each tomb. He does not live in a fantasy world where he ignores the contradictions that surround each story. He is thorough as he highlights the intricacies of each tradition. Bissell makes it clear from the start that he is not setting out on a scientific search for the actual site of each tomb. He has picked just one of the several possible locations for each of the disciples.
As Bissell travels from site to site he recounts the customs of many of the locals. He shares his unique experience as he meets up with old friends and meets new friends who help him navigate the terrain. He shares the difficulties that he runs into along the way. Apostle makes for an interesting and enlightening read as long as it is understood per Bissell’s explanation in the Author’s Note.
The main idea that becomes clear by the end of the book is how controversial each tradition is recounted. Bissell makes it clear that there are several cities that stake a claim on actual location of each Apostles burial. To make the matter even more confusing is the movement of remains or partial remains. Bissell points out that due to the lack of trustworthy documentation it is virtually impossible to sort out all of the hearsay.
There were two threads throughout the book that I struggled with and others may too. The important thing to remember is the context of the book. Bissell never claims to have found the actual tomb of each disciple. This needs to be remembered. The other struggle I encountered in the book was some of the exegetical issues regarding Christian scripture. Bissell does claim to be a theologian while he is obviously a very knowledgeable historian and academic.
It was obvious to me that while Bissell grew up as a Catholic altar boy, his faith in the Christian scriptures as supernaturally inspired communication from God is uncertain. Bissell never claims to be believing Christian. When reading Apostle, Bissell’s worldview needs to be understood so that one does not read this work in the wrong context. There are several places throughout his book that as a Bible Scholar and Theologian I oppose the scriptural conclusions he arrives at. But to put too much weight in this is to read Apostle out of context.
I highly recommend Apostle. It is an enjoyable and interesting read. Bissell does a wonderful job of taking you along with him on his journeys. Bissell may even go a little overboard as he describes the sights, sounds, and in some cases the smells of his travels. But do not let this get in the way of enjoying this opportunity to travel among the tombs of the twelve.
Bonhoeffer The Assassin?
Mark Thiessen Nation, Anthony G. Siegrist, Daniel P. Umbrel
In their book entitled Bonhoeffer The Assassin – Challenging the Myth, Recovering His Call to Peacemaking, Nation, Siegrist, and Umbrel present the case that there is no evidence to suggest that Dietrich Bonhoeffer was involved in any conspiracy to assassinate Adolf Hitler. They also contend that after Bonhoeffer’s Barcelona sermon his views regarding pacifism did not change, they only evolved.
In the first half of the book our authors retrace the history of Bonhoeffer’s all too short life. They hit the highlights stopping long enough just to point out formative events in Bonhoeffer’s life. In the second half of their book, they take a lot of time dissecting and exegeting the writings of Bonhoeffer. Their purpose is to point out the consistency and the progression of Bonhoeffer’s theology. They point out that in his Barcelona sermon Bonhoeffer urged the Church to resist the evils of Hitler’s tyranny. After that sermon however, Bonhoeffer traveled to the United States and his view of discipleship was altered. Nation et. al. contend that from that point onward Bonhoeffer held fast to love of enemy and the rest of Jesus’ call on those who are to die to self, especially his Sermon on the Mount teachings.
Bonhoeffer The Assassin? is academically dense and was a stretch for me to read. It is obvious that the authors have done and present their work thoroughly. For any serious student of Bonhoeffer, Bonhoeffer The Assassin? is a must read. But be prepared for a challenging read. Prior to reading Bonhoeffer The Assassin?, it would also be helpful to have read all of Bonhoeffer’s writings.
As for the case they make that Bonhoeffer was not involved in assassination attempts upon Hitler, they have not convinced me. From early in the book, it felt like they were projecting their pacifist beliefs upon Bonhoeffer. In their conclusion, Nation states that, “I am well aware that many readers of this book will likely think that I, as a Mennonite, have skewed this discussion because of my own commitments (as if other perspectives are neutral)” (p. 225). That indeed is my reaction to their work.
Bonhoeffer was a dedicated follower of Jesus Christ and willing to die to himself. I agree that Bonhoeffer’s participation in the Abwehr was an attempt to stay out of forced military service. But Nation, Siegrist, and Umbrel have not convinced me that when confronted with the truth of Hitler’s atrocities and the opportunity to save millions of lives, Bonhoeffer was not convicted to participate ethically in ending pure evil.
I believe that Bonhoeffer was committed to Jesus’ calling on his life. Pacifism is a good and high ideal. But when Bonhoeffer was confronted with the truth of men’s evil upon the innocent perhaps the most just and right course of action was to put an end to the evil. I am sure it was a difficult choice and one that should only be judged by the One who judges in truth.
The Lost World of Genesis One
John H. Walton
In The Lost World of Genesis One, John H. Walton attempts to place the understanding of the first chapter of the Christian Bible into proper focus. Walton presents the argument that Christians have been reading Genesis One through a modern lens instead of the more appropriate lens of the Ancient Near East (ANE). Walton goes to great lengths to reframe Genesis One through a comparison of ANE understanding.
Walton does this by juxtaposing the key elements of several ANE creation accounts and other writings with Genesis One. Walton shows that many modern readers mistakenly see Genesis One as an account of God creating material instead of creating function. Walton does not deny that God is the creator of all material, but he explains that is not the story that Genesis One is telling. Walton claims that modern readers need a better understanding of the original word that is translated into English as ‘create’ (bara).
Walton then takes his reader through each day of the Genesis One creation account and shows how the text was not concerned with the creation of the material elements of each day, but how each day was to function. Walton then spends time discussing other theories of Genesis One, such as Young Earth Creationism, Old Earth Creationism, etc. and makes a case for how each one of those theories misses the mark. Walton states that it “should be reemphasized that all of these positions have in common that they are struggling to reconcile the scientific findings about the material cosmos with a biblical record without compromising either” (p. 112).
Walton’s point is that Genesis One was never meant to be a scientific account of material origins, but a theological account of the function of creation. Walton’s work on Genesis One is a must read for all Christians. It will stretch and help the reader to examine their preconceived notions of perhaps everything they have been taught. One does not need to agree with Walton, but it is helpful to challenged. Walton concludes that, “the most careful, responsible reading of the text will proceed with the understanding that it is ancient literature, not modern science (p. 161).
A.D. The Bible Continues
Dr. David Jeremiah
In his book entitled A.D. – The Bible Continues, Dr. David Jeremiah recounts the history of Jesus’ closest followers from his resurrection through roughly 62 A.D. Jeremiah’s short book is a fun and interesting read. To my surprise, most of the book is made up of the New Living Translations book of Acts found in the Christian Bible. Jeremiah inserts short biographical information on the main characters found in Acts.
A.D. is a fun and short read. Those familiar with the book of Acts will recognize the stories. Because the New Living Translation was used, this short book is much easier to read than other translations would be. Add to that the biographical sketches that Jeremiah offers makes for a refreshing and engaging look at the book of Acts.
At the end of A.D., Jeremiah adds an Epilogue and A Call to Action. This puts a nice finishing touch on the book. In the Epilogue, Jeremiah traces the history of the Christian church from 62 A.D. through the twenty-first century. Jeremiah points out the tremendous impact that the Christian Church has had on society throughout history.
Jeremiah then closes the book with A Call to Action. Jeremiah, as a pastor, encourages his Christian readers, just like those who have gone before us, to continue the hard work of God’s call on our lives. Jeremiah reminds his readers that they part of something bigger than the moment and bigger than themselves.
I highly recommend A.D. – The Bible Continues. Besides the fact that it is God’s word, Jeremiah effectively engages his readers throughout the book. Improving upon even that, Jeremiah adds an encouraging touch by finishing his book calling his readers to continue Jesus’ mission to the Church.
Anyone who is interested in learning more about how the early Christian church got its start after the death, resurrection, and ascension of Jesus will appreciate Jeremiah’s A.D. Even those who have studied the book of Acts at a scholarly level will enjoy this fresh journey through the first couple decades of the Christian Church.
Scholars on the Record
Hershel Shanks, Editor
In his compilation entitled Scholars on the Record, Hershel Shanks shares Insightful Interviews on Bible and Archaeology. Shanks’ main thesis throughout the many interviews is putting archaeology in its rightful place in terms of biblical historicity. Biblical historicity and archaeology have long engaged in a dance toward defining truth.
Shanks, in his short book, provides some helpful parameters through which archaeology can define truth as well as some limitations inherent to archaeology. Most significantly Shanks and his interviewees wrestle with archaeology making claims based on silence.
Shanks’ compilation is a fun and eventful read. Any Christian who would like to stretch themselves will enjoy Shanks’ work. This may just be the book that will start you on the journey in deepening your faith and understanding of the Bible.
Shanks quotes Geza Vermes stating that, “the responsibility for the chasm between historians and the men and women in the pew lies mostly on the shoulders of the people in the pulit who have failed to provide the persons in their charge with intellectual food suitable for educated grown-ups” (p. 253). I highly recommend Scholars on the Record.